Fig 1: MSTN knockout enhanced the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes. (a) Hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of erythrocytes; (b) Total antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes; (c) Activity of CAT; (d) Activity of SOD; (e) Activity of POD; (f) Activity of GSH-Px; (g) Activity of GST. MT: MSTN knockout cattle group; WT: Wild type cattle group; RS: Resting state; EE: Exhaustive exercise state; Data presented are means ± SD. One-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD multiple-comparison test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
Fig 2: Effect of exhaustive exercise on MSTN knockout cattle. (a) Lactic acid concentration in the cattle plasma; (b) Levels of MHB; (c) The activity of MHBR. MT: MSTN knockout cattle group;WT: Wild type cattle group; RS: Resting state; EE: Exhaustive exercise state; Data presented are means ± SD. One-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD multiple-comparison test, ** p < 0.01.
Fig 3: MSTN knockout reduced the oxidative damage of erythrocytes after exhaustive exercise. (a) Concentration of O2·- in the WT and MT cattle erythrocytes; (b) Concentration of H2O2; (c) Levels of protein carbonyl; (d) MDA concentration; (e) Protein sulfhydryl; (f) Non-protein sulfhydryl; (g) Total sulfhydryl state. MT: MSTN knockout cattle group; WT: Wild type cattle group; RS: Resting state; EE: Exhaustive exercise state. Data presented are means ± SD. One-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD multiple-comparison test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
Fig 4: MSTN knockout affected glycolysis of erythrocytes. (a) Concentration of glucose; (b) Concentration of PA; (c) Concentration of LA; (d) Activity of HK; (e) Activity of PFK; (f) Activity of PK. MT: MSTN knockout cattle group; WT: Wild type cattle group; RS: Resting state; EE: Exhaustive exercise state; Data presented are means ± SD. One-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD multiple-comparison test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
Fig 5: MSTN knockout increases erythrocyte antioxidant capacity via GSH. (a) Concentration of GSH; (b) Concentration of GSSG; (c) Ratio of GSH/GSSG; (d) Activity of GR; (e) Concentration of NADPH; (f) Activity of G6PD; (g) Activity of 6PGDH; (h) Activity of RPI. MT: MSTN knockout cattle group; WT: Wild type cattle group; RS: Resting state; EE: Exhaustive exercise state; Data presented are means ± SD. One-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD multiple-comparison test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
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